Planer and system of motor control therefor.



H. L. BLOOD. PLANER AND SYSTEM OF MOTOR CONTROL THEREFOR. APPLICATION FILED um. 7.1918. RENEWED NOV- 23,1918.

Patented J uly 29, 1919.

. INVENTOR H1440] L. BZo q BY HAROLD L. BLOOD, OF PLAINFIELD, JERSEY, ASSlG-NOE T0 ILE$EEI*EIT-EJZWI COMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION 03 N JEI PLANER AND SYSTEM OF MOTOR "001i TROL THEREFtlR.

Original application filed September 28, 1914,

To all whom it may concern: I

Be it known that l, HAROLD L.-BLOOD, a citizen of the United States, residing at Plainiield, in the county of Union and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Planers and Systems of Motor Contiol Therefor of which the following is a specification.

The invention relates particularly to planers of the type in which each is provided with a reversing driving motor and a generator connected in closed circuit with the motor to supply current thereto and to control it. However, as concerns certain features, the invention is not limited to a planer having a generator motor driving system, and as concerns still other features the invention is not limited to a driving system used in connection with a planer or equivalent machine. It will be understood that when the term planer is used herein the intention is to include not only planers strictly so defined, but vother machines similar in operation or in function and characterized by having an element which is regu larly reciprocated automatically.

This application constitutes a divisio'n'of my copending application Serial No. 863,600 for planers and systems of motor control therefor. filed September 26th, 1914. One of the objects of the present invention is to provide an apparatus of the type set forth in the said application having certain mechanical and electrical features which are advantageous under certain conditions or" use. The objects of the invention will be more fully understood from the following specification and claims.

Of the drawings which illustrate the preferred embodiment of the invention:

Figure l is a side view of a planer and a system of motor control therefor.

F1". 2 is a view showin dia rammaticall some of the mechanical iemtiires of. the

planer shown in Fig. land also diagrammatically showing the electrical connections. Fig. 3 is a View similar to Fig. 2 but-showing another embodiment of the invention.

Referring now more particularly to Fig. "1, there is illustrated a planer having a bed A, a reciprocating table '13 on the bed, a

The planer is provided witha motor:

and tool holder E carricd'by the cross- Specificotion of Letters Eatent.

Serial No. 863,6fi0. Divided and. this application filed 7, 1918, Serial No. 210,625. Renewed November 23, 1916.

'nection 10', giving in this way a I provided in the circuit leading housing O-carrymg the crossrall D and a Patented J January Serial No. 263.335.

stant speed by a suitable means such as an electric motor M. The eneitation of the me tor 1 is secured through 2. field connected across the mains S, 9.

The planer s firovided with automatic switch 11 which is normally operated by the reciprocating table. The table is provided with adjustable tappets F and a t; w .ch are adapted to alternately engage a lever con nected with the switch 11 by means of red I. When the automatic switch 11 leitdiand position connections theforward or cutting stroke or" the planer, and when the automatic switch 11 is thrown to its right-hand position connections are made for the idle or return stroke. resistance 16 is provided for the motor r' '2'. With the parts position for the ret stroke the resistance 10 is in series w" field which is thus made relatively v motor having a relatively high speed. the switch 1 is moved to its left-hand posi" tion as shown in Fig. 2,,the motor field f? strengthened by having this series resistance 10 short-circuited at the middle blade of the automatic switch by means the [5011' field and correspondingly lower motor speed during the cutting stroke. It will he notes that the field current of the motor traverses the field circuit always in the same direction, va ying simply in magnitude accord ing to the direction of travel of the; planer table. v

The reversal of direction of rotation motor is effected by reversing the polarity of the generator field winding 13, the ten.

'minals of which are connected, as indicated, to the left-hand and right-hand blades 1%, 15, respectively, of the automatic switch 11. An adjustable resistance 16 is to the first upper contact 17 of the switch. when the automatic switch 11 is thrown toward left to the position shown for the cutting stroke of the planer, 'a circuit is completed from the positive main 8, through the contact is and right-hand blade 15 of the automatic switch, toward the right through the generator field 13, thence through the contacts 19 of the circuit breaker 20, left blade ll and contact 1 7 of the automatic switch, and through the series resistance 16 to the negative main 9. IVhen the switch is thrown toward the right for the return stroke of the planer the generator field current passes from the positive main 8 through the contact 21 and left-hand blade ll, contacts 19, toward the left through the field winding 13, thence through the rightblade 15 and contact '22 of the autothe return or idle stroke and the stroke nor'- mally operated at the higher speed is to be used for the cutting stroke it is simply necessary to reverse the leads to the motor field or the leads to the dynamo field. A reversing switch J may be provided for this purpose.

In the normal operation of the appara tus the switch 11 is automatically thrown from cutting position toreturn position by the movement of the planer .tableat atime shortly prior to the completion of the cutting stroke. There is then rapid braking of the motor, followed by the acceleration in the opposite direction to 'a higher' speed,-

which speed. is maintained until, at about the end of the return stroke, the automatic switch is thrown over to the cutting position. Then the motor is brought to rest and attains theslewer speed in the other direction for tl.-v cutting stroke, and this cycle of operations is repeated indefinitely.

If at any time during the operation of the apparatus it is found desirable to stop the motor, the automatic switch 11 may be manually thrown to central position. The elongated contact 21 serves to maintain the short circuit aroundthe resistance 10 when the switch 11 is in central position, thus insuring a powerful braking action. 7

If desired, the operation of the apparatus may hestopped by' disconnecting the switch 11 from the mains 8, 9 by suitable manual or automatic devices, one of which switch to the negative main 9, thus reversing the generator field andomittlng.

will be described. In case the armature current in the circuit 2, 3, 5, -l becomes excessive, the apparatus may be protected from over load, as by the circuit-breaker 20, whose coil 23 operates at a predetermined current value therein, to open-circuit the generator field.

- low, in order that the motor may be brought to rest promptly without any excessive or uncertain extent of travel subsequent to the denergization of the generator field means is provided for causing the field magnetism of the generator to assume approximately zero value promptly upon the opening of the field circuit or upon the interrupting of the field current. Preferably a part'or all of the magnetic circuit of v the generator is made of steel laminations or is otherwise constructed in such a way as to reduce to a negligible amount the residual ma etism of the generator. In practice it is ound that certain kinds of steel which are bestobtained in the form of laminations possess the required low retentiveness. In this way the induced voltage oi? the generator drops to practically zero the moment the field is deenergized and no current is sent through-the armature otth'e motor. The generator being thus substantiall completely deenergized, permits the motor to exert a powerful, rapid and definite braking influence which is not in any way interfered with by electromotive force developed by the generator. lVithout means for substantially completely'denergizing the generator, suflicient current would be developed evenwith the generator field circuit open to cause the motor to continue its travel at a low speed but nevertheless to an extent that mightwell be disastrous to the planer or to an attendant. It will be clear that if such slow movement or creeping were allowed to continue, the, switch 11 would an- I tomatically be moved to one or the other of its operative positions and the planer would be automatically started. By thus obviating subsequent travel or creeping of the motor there is no need of opening at any time the single circuit 5, 4, 2, '3 that carries heavy current in the entire-system. The control is thus exclusively of circuits carrying comparatively small currents, insuring compact and inexpensive switching mechanism easily operated and consuming no appreciable electrical energy.

' The reduction or elimination of residual time to time and always corresponds with the polarity of the generator field 13. It will be clear that connections can easily be made whereby current obtained from the said conductors 3 and a will always oppose the field 13. As shown in Fig. 2, contacts ill and 25 are located to be engaged respectively by the switch levers 14 and 15 when in central positions. The contacts 24 and 25 are connected respectively with the conductors 4 and 3, the connection for the con tact 2:: preferably being through an adjustable resistance 26. In the ordinary operation of the apparatus the switch arms 14 and i5 sweep quickly over these middle contacts 24 and 25 on their way to their end positions. In this way a currentis momentarily sent through the held 13, this current always being in a direction to oppose and overcome the residual magnetism of the field. Ey'thus promptly reducing or eliminating the-residual ma etism the brakin effect increased for the reason that current does not have to overectromotive force arising trom or the motor is the lei-akin come the e the residual magnetism. The resistance 26 for sending a V to entirely when used, may he adjusted so as to vary the strength of the demagnetizing current. The prompt braking of the motor will occur either when the switch is in rnid-position only momentarily in passing from one end position to the other as in ordinary -opera tion, or when the switch is simply brought to mid-position and left there as in stopping the planer. In case the switch is left in the position to effect stopping the residualmagn'etism may be so completely overcome is already stated, the residual magnetism may be overcome or eliminated either by the construction of the generator field of laminated metal orby the provision of means momentary reversed current through the field winding. Each of these means is efi'ectiye and under favorable circumstances may be used independently of the other. Preferably, however, in order to have double assurance of the complete eliminationofiesidual magnet-ism, I prefer to provide bothof these means in combina tion. It will be clear that with the laminated construction the residual magnetisn'r will automatically approximate zero value upon the interrupting of the field current; and by properly regulating the strength of the preliminary reversed current the residual magnetism can be still further reduced. For certain purposes, as in an emergency c. in making preliminary adjustments, it is often desirable to have a conveniently lo- ,cated and portable means for stopping the motor promptly and operating it in either direction at will,

7 preferably at a comparatively low speed.

switch 11 eliminate all danger of creep A preferred device for:

permitting these operations is illustrated in Fig. 2. The auxiliary control above referred to is efi'ected through a master switch 27: This switch comprises an outer cylinder 28 which carries three pairs of contacts 293G, 31-32 and 33-8 i-. The contacts :29 and 31 are connected respectively w 1th the mains 8 and 9; the contacts 30 and 32 are connected respectively with the switch contacts 18' and 17; and the contacts 33 and 34 are connected respectively with the two sides of the generator field winding 13, preferably throu 'h an adjustable resistance Preferably switch 27 is connected to the planer by a cable I; which includes the conductors connected with the several contacts. Axially and rotatably movable within the cylinder 28 is a rod 36 carrying contacts 37 and 88 adapted to engage the contacts 29-3l. lVhen the rod is in lower position as shown in Fig. 2 the contacts 29 and 3l are connected respectively with the contacts 30 and 32 and the system operates in the n1annor already described. lVhen the rod is moved upward the contacts 37 and 38 are disengaged respectively from the contacts 30 and 32 and in this way the switch ll is disconnected and rendered inoperative. The contacts 3? and 38 are provided respec tively with extensions 37 and 38 and by turnind the rod 36 in onedirection or the other these can be engaged with the contacts and to send current through the generator field winding 13 in either direction as desired. In this way the operator by means of the switch 237 can disconnectthe and can manually control the operation of the system. Because of the resistance the field 13 is weakly energized thus causing the motor to rotate slowly when under manual control. Inasmuch as the main automatic switch 11 is entirely disconnected, any movement of this switch either manually or by the table as it travels will have no effect upon the operation of the generator or the motor.

Inasmuch as the motor during normal operation rotates faster during the return stroke than durin the cutting stroke, the tendency is for the raking effect following return tobe greater than the braking effect following cutting. It is desirable to have each braking action as powerful and as rapid as the motor will stand without injury, and in order that the braking efiect following the relatively slow cutting movement may have maximum value without causing the braking effect following the faster return movement to be too great, I prefer to provide means whereby the braking effect following the return movement is automatically reduced. This I accomplish by men'ieutarilv weakening the 1; rotor field during the sai'd action. Preferably the motor being provided with a series winding 39 which is so connected as to aid the field 7 during the return stroke andto oppose it during the cutting stroke,

The effect of this arrangement of the motor field windings is to limit the braking current when decelerating after the return stroke. At this tim the current is flowing in the same direction as on the cutting stroke which causes the series field to oppose-field 7 thus reducing the braking current since the motor is acting as-a generator.

During the cutting stroke the effect of the series field is to decrease torque under heavy cuts. This may be undesirable, in which case a switch a0 is provided, with contacts 41 and 42 adapted to short-circuit the series field of the motor. This switch may be op eratcd from the planer mechanism by any desired means, for instance by a connection 43 which will close the switch at the start of the cutting stroke and open it at the start of the return stroke.

Preferably the generator 6 is also conr pounded, being provided with a series field H which is so wound as to aid the field 13 to prevent the generated voltage from talling under load. The switch 40, if desired, may be provided with a contact 45, connected as shown. to short-circuit the genera tor series field -14 during the return stroke. This causes the generator field to reverse more slowly, at the end of the return stroke, than if the compound winding were effective. This action still further reduces the braking current.

Preferably an ohmic resistance 46 is connectcd in shunt across the field of the generator. This resistance acts as a field discharge resistance to protect the windings.

The circuit breaker 20, in addition to be-- ing provided with the contacts 19, is pref-- erably also provided with-contacts 47 connected respectively with the main conductors 3 and 4, one. of them being connected through the low resistance 4S. WVhen the current in the coil 23 becomes sufiicientlygreat the magnet armature is moved to release the swinging bar of the circuit breaker which moves on the action of the spring to disconnect the two contacts 19 and to connect the two contacts 47. In this way the field circuit of the generator is opened and the. generator and motor armatures are short-circuitcd through a low resistance.

By short-circuiting the generator and motor armatures a'more rapid braking is secured than would be secured by merely opening the generator field circuit.

When the automatic. switch 11 is reversed by the planer dogs or otherwise, the generator armature is, for the moment, practically nothing but an ohmic resistance across the rotating armature of the motor inasmuch as the generator field current is nil. 'With the motor field energized at such time from current across the mains, there is developed a run as a motor, storing energy either in a fly-wheel, if one be provided in connection with the constant speed drive, or returning power to. the main through the generator driving motor M, if a motor drive is utilized, or the power thus obtained from the brakingof the planer motor may be made available in other ways to decrease the net power required for tile entire operation of the machine. a

In Fig. 3 I have illustrated a somewhat simpler embodiment of my invention. This construction is similar to that shown in Fig. 2, except that the circuit breaker 20 and associated parts are omitted and that the means for supplying a supplemental reversed current to the generator field are omitted. Repetition of description is unnecessary.

What I claim is 1. In a planer or other machine having a reciprocating table, the combination with the table, of a reversing compound motor connected with the table, a generator having its armature connected in closed circuit with the motor armature, automatic means for for short-circuiting the series field of the motor during rotation of the motor in on direction.

opposite directions,- and automatic means 2. In a laner or other machine having a reciprocating table, the; combination with the table, of a reversing compound motor connected with the table, a generator having its armature connected in closed circuit with the motor armature, automatic means for successively reversing the ne'rator polarity to successively reverse tfi: motor and thereby cause it to drive the table successively in opposite directions, the motor actiriiig as a generator during such reversal to e ect dynamic braking, means for causing the motor to have higher speed in one direction than in 'the other, and automatic means for short-circuitin 'the series field of the motor during rotation of the motor in the lOW speed direction.

In a planer or other machine having a reciprocatmg t able, the combination withthe table, 0 reversing motor connected with the table, a compound generator havmg its armature connected in closed circuit with the motor armature, automatic means for successively reversing the nerator p0 larit-y to successively reverse t 1e motor and thereby cause it to drive the table successively in opposite directions, and automatic means for short-circuiting the series field of the generator during rotation of the motor in one direction.

4. In a planer or other machine having a reciprocating table, the combination with the table, of a reversing motor connected with the table, a compound generator having its armature connected in closed circuit with the motor armature, automatic means for successively reversing the generator polarity to successively reverse the motor and thereby cause it to drive the table successively in opposite directions, the motor actin as a generator during such reversal to enact dynamic braking, means for causing the motor to have higher speed in one direction than in the other, and automatic means for cutting out the series field of the generator during rotation of the motor in the high speed direction.

5. In a planer or other machine havin a reciprocating table, the combination with the table, of a reversing compound motor connected with the table, a compound generator having its armature connected in closed circuit with the motor armature, automatic means for successively reversing the generator polarity to successively reverse the motor and thereby cause it to drive the table successively in opposite directions, and automatic means for short-circuitinu' the series field of the motor during roat'ron of the motor in one direction and for shorteircuiting the series field of the generator during rotation of the motor in the other direction.

In testimony whereof I hereto afix my signature.

HAROLD L. BLOOD. 

